Even then, though, the emergency services provided were often wholly inadequate.
Enter the Freedom House Ambulance Service.
They underwent a battery of psychological exams, testing, and training to be field-ready, and they delivered.
Many people had never seen paramedics before - largely because Freedom House had pioneered the concept.
That they were young Black men added an extra layer of problems.
Sources:NENA,99 Percent Invisible,JEMS
Image via Max